Life Sciences

Cell Atlas, il progetto del BioHub di Mark Zuckerberg

 

Mark Zuckerberg si lancia nel mondo della biologia e annuncia Cell Atlas, progetto per mappare tutte le cellule che costituiscono il nostro organismo. Servirà per migliorare la lotta alle malattie, supportando i piani a lungo termine del neonato BioHub, realizzato dalla Chan and Zuckerberg Initiative di Mark Zuckerberg e la moglie Priscilla Chan.

Il nuovo volto della Silicon Valley

Facebook, come del resto la maggior parte dei colossi della Silicon Valley, ha maturato negli anni la piena consapevolezza che il digitale rappresenta ormai la piattaforma per il problem solving in ogni campo. Un’azienda di tecnologia, oggi, non può limitarsi esclusivamente al proprio prodotto, ma diventa automaticamente una realtà con un concreto impatto sociale. Fare innovazione sta diventando a tutti gli effetti un impegno politico nei confronti del futuro con ripercussioni in tutti i campi.

Questa maggiore consapevolezza porta protagonisti come Mark Zuckerberg a intraprendere iniziative che a primo colpo d’occhio fuoriescono dal maintopic della loro azienda, ma che ci ricordano che queste sono diventate depositarie di enormi risorse e network dal potenziale tutto da esplorare.

Nasce così BioHub, organizzazione dedicata a cercare soluzioni disruptive per eradicare le principali malattie che interessano l’umanità. Un obiettivo colossale, naturalmente condiviso da sempre da centri di ricerca e università, ma che punta a innovarne proprio l’approccio basandosi sugli strumenti digitali che oggi abbiamo a disposizione.

Identificare ogni nostra cellula per cure più efficaci

Cell Atlas, la prima iniziativa di BioHub, punta a mappare tutte le cellule del nostro organismo, identificandone dettagli e caratteristiche. L’obiettivo è chiarire il punto di partenza per la lotta alle malattie, ponendo le basi in un certo senso deltoolkit (“cassetta degli attrezzi”) biologico con cui affrontarle. Capire come siamo è il primo presupposto per capire come poter cambiare, migliorare e infine guarire.

Per farlo verranno usate le più avanzate metodiche di analisi genetica come il sequenziamento genomico e l’editing genetico con strumenti quali CRISPR (tecnica grazie a cui modificare a piacimento intere sequenze di DNA). Individuare i tratti genetici che costituiscono la personalità di ogni cellula ci offrirà nuovi spiragli per capire quali strategie farmacologiche sviluppare per combattere tumori, malattie degenerative come l’Alzheimer ed il Parkinson e infezioni da HIV ed Ebola.

Etichette molecolari fluorescenti

“Una volta isolati i vari tipi cellulari, potremo metodicamente annotarli nel Cell Atlas etichettando o “taggando” i diversi tipi di proteine che si trovano sulle cellule e che queste sintetizzano per mezzo dei geni per controllare le funzioni del nostro organismo.” – come descritto sul sito di BioHub.

Basterebbe utilizzare delle “etichette molecolari” sotto forma di molecole fluorescenti, capaci di legarsi ad ogni singola proteina in maniera prevedibile e specifica, visualizzabili poi attraverso microscopio a fluorescenza. La tecnica non è nuova, ma lo è l’approccio focalizzato sulla collaborazione e sull’integrazione dei dati sfruttando l’elaborazione digitale su larga scala.I primi centri ad essere coinvolti oltre al BioHub saranno le Università di Stanford, Berkeley e San Francisco che metteranno a disposizione strumenti e team grazie ai massicci finanziamenti di Zuckerberg.

Oltre a cambiare abitudini e mode, i colossi dell’innovazione tecnologica hanno oggi una grande responsabilità: le risorse e la capacità di migliorare la nostra vita, sotto tutti gli aspetti. Il futuro sarà plasmato anche dalle loro iniziative e Zuckerberg, come ElonMusk di Tesla e Jess Bezos di Amazon, sembrano aver raccolto in pieno la sfida.

Valentino Megale

 

 

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